This is basic stone information to help you select the type of natural stone which may work best for you. A quick read will give you a general idea of the differences in stone. You will have an idea of what to expect from the stone you decide on. Color is very important in stone selection. It's personal and fun.

Color makes a statement.

But before browsing through colors, it's best to know what to look for when selecting a natural stone.

The color, the texture, and look you want may eventually outweigh the benefits of using another stone type.

This is fine as long as you know what to expect from the natural stone you choose.

What do you look at before colors?

·                             Basic mineral composition. The type of stone (granite, limestone, marble, etc.).

·                             The rate of absorption. Will it stain easy?

·                             The hardness of the stone. Will it scratch?

·                             How do you intend to use the stone.

These 4 measures will give you an idea of what to expect.

Stone Information on Mineral Composition

Natural Stone is classified into 2 main categories by their mineral composition: Siliceous stones and calcareous stones.

Siliceous stones are composed of silica or quartz like particles. These stones will have a greater resistance to acids, such as orange juice and carbonated beverages. They will also have a higher resistance to high alkaline detergents.

This means they will not etch or show marks and dull spots as easily - IF EVEN AT ALL - as calcareous stones. These stones are durable, easy to maintain and they do not usually etch.

Siliceous stones are used on interiors, exteriors, commercial flooring, exteriors for buildings and can be great for countertops. They tend to stand up to the use and abuse of an active household.

Examples of siliceous stones: granite, serpentine, slate, soapstone, and quartz-based stones.

Calcareous stones are composed mainly of calcium. These stones are also durable. But they are more sensitive to the acids found in alcohol, lemons, citrus juices, colas and vinegar.

They are also more sensitive to strong alkaline detergents found in some cleaning products. This means they will usually etch rather quickly or show dull spots.

These stones in general aren't the best choice for kitchen countertops or areas of frequent use and / or abuse. If you decide to use a calcareous stone, it simply requires the use of a gentler cleanser to prevent etching and more frequent dusting to prevent scratches.

Examples of calcareous stones: limestone, marble, onyx, and travertine.

Stone Information on Porosity

The rate of absorption tells you how easy your stone will stain. Natural stones with a high rate of absorption will stain easier than stones with a lower rate.

Porosity refers to how open or how many small holes are in the surface of the stone to allow liquids to penetrate it. Porous stones will have a higher rate of absorption. These stones need to be sealed to help repel staining. Use a top quality sealer such as MB-4 Sealer.

Most of aren't scientists or chemists - so here's an easy way to tell if your stone should be sealed: The Water Test.

Stone Information on Hardness

Natural stones have varying levels of hardness. The harder stones will stand up better to frequent use and to heavy, hard, or sharp objects. Therefore, harder surfaces would have fewer scratches, if any, over time.

The hardness is determined in part by the mineral composition and by the density of the stone. Granites generally have good hardness characteristics as do SOME limestone and marble. You could get a 'general idea' of how well your stone choice would stand up by dragging a knife blade across it or tossing your keys on it a few times.